Broad-lined Erastria, Loess Hills W.A., Monona County, Iowa, 9 April 2011.

While there, I spent some time looking for Nevada Buckmoth egg rings on the Redroot.  I’ve done this before and never had any luck, even though they are supposed to be easy to find.  This time I did find a few.  It was pretty clear that Redroot is this population’s foodplant considering I’ve found hundreds of larva feeding on it and none eating anything else, but finding multiple egg rings on it confirms it.

Nevada Buckmoth egg ring, Loess Hills W.A., Monona County, IA, 9 April 2011.

The hills are the place for Olympia Marble, but it is still a little early for them, so not finding one wasn’t a big deal.  Hopefully I’ll have another shot in the next few weeks.  Also of note were my first identified tiger beetles of the year, all Cicindela limbalis, the Common Claybank Tiger Beetle which is in fact common in the hills.

On Sunday, Jaclyn and I went on a hike at Elk Rock State Park which is on the southwest shore of Red Rock Reservoir in Marion County.  Elk Rock has a small sand prairie and the trail leading to it is lined with Redbuds.  Redbuds are the foodplant of Henry’s Elfin and I saw that species at this spot three springs ago.  I was hoping to get better photos this time and was lucky to see at least 8 individuals.

Henry's Elfin, Elk Rock S.P., Marion County, IA, 10 April 2011.

The elfin makes the fifth butterfly I’ve seen this spring following Eastern Common, Mourning Cloak, Spring Azure, and Cabbage White.   I’ve also seen photos of Gray Comma and Orange Sulphur taken recently, so there are more species flying almost every day that the weather is warm.  As always, more and better uncropped versions of the above photos are at my Flickr page.

My first odonates were several Variegated Meadowhawks (Sympetrum corruptum) at Stephen’s State Forest.  Also at Stephen’s I found my first butterflies.  Eastern Commas, which overwinter as adults, were out in good numbers as expected.  This is a really good location for anglewings, with all three Iowa Polygonias flying here together at times.

Eastern Comma, Stephen's SF, Lucas Co, IA, 2 April 2011

Very surprising was this freshly emerged Spring Azure.  This species is common at this location, but this individual is a couple weeks earlier than expected and probably a record early date for Iowa.

Spring Azure, Stephen's SF, Lucas Co, IA, 2 April 2011

I spent some time walking a nice sandy, wooded stream hoping for tiger beetles.  I flushed one a couple times, but it made long flights and I could never locate it on the ground to identify it.  I did find a new ‘bug’ for me and a close tiger beetle relative:

Elaphrus sp., Stephen's SF, Lucas Co., IA, 2 April 2011

This beetle of the genus Elaphrus, is shaped much like a tiger beetle but is incredibly tiny.  On my screen, it would be about the length of the word “tiny”.  Apparently these can’t be identified to species from photos, so we’ll just have leave it at the genus level for now.

Lastly, my second odonate of the year showed up on Sunday, conveniently enough in my backyard.  It was of course, a Common Green Darner (Anax junius).  This species and Variegated Meadowhawk are always the first two species to appear as they migrate in from the south as adults.  Most other species overwinter here as nymphs, buried in the mud on the bottom of  their stream, river, pond, or marsh, and emerge somewhat later as the water temperature warms.

Well, that’s it for now.  This weekend is looking good temperature wise–hopefully the predictions of rain will be wrong.

Here is the program list:

“Venomous Invertebrates: ‘the Good, the Bad and the Ugly’”  William Heyborne, Morningside College

“Ticks of Iowa and Beyond”  Joel Hutcheson, USDA National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Ames

“Mantis Mania: An Introduction to the Art of Mantid Husbandry”  Joseph “Tony” Palmer, Omaha’s Henry Doorly Zoo

“Come Into Our Parlor – Arthropod Images by Linda & Robert Scarth”   Linda & Robert Scarth

Vanessa migration and beetle project updates   Royce Bitzer

“Iowa Tiger Beetles: Past and Present Diversity and Distribution”   Aaron Brees

“Working out the ‘bugs’ – Insect ID pros and cons”   Moni Hayne, Bug Detective

“Chasing Wisconsin Robbers: Our effort to learn more about the Asilidae, the robber flies of Wisconsin”   Mike Reese

“Evolution in your Backyard”  Jackie Brown, Grinnell College

“Sunflower flies: hidden species in Iowa’s prairies”   Marty Condon, Cornell College and Ian McNish, Pioneer Hi-Bred International

“What on earth is this? Discovery and Description of a New Species”   Greg Courtney, Iowa State University

“Red Ants vs. Black Ants: The Dramatic Life of ‘Slave-Maker’ Ants”   James Trager, Shaw Nature Reserve

“A Honey Bee’s State of the State Address”   Andrew Joseph, Iowa Department of Agriculture and Land Stewardship

“Superorganisms: How Insect Societies Rule the Earth”   Amy Toth, Iowa State University

I had a really good time and look forward to next year.  If you want to get the 2012 announcement and otherwise follow along with insect talk, join the Iowa Insects Mailing List.  Thank you to MJ Hatfield and Nathan Brockman for organizing, promoting, and running this event.  Thanks also to Mathew Brust and Ted MacRae for letting me use their excellent tiger beetle photos in my presentation.

After a day of listening to people talk about insects, I can’t wait for the weather to warm up a bit.  Last year, I saw my first butterfly on March 17–only 10 days from today.

For those who aren’t familiar with it, the ABA is the American Birding Association. Among the ABA’s functions are maintaining the “ABA area” list and publishing listing results in many catogories (state lists, Big Days, Big Years, etc.). Generally, the list that most birders talk about is their ABA area life list.  The ABA area basically includes North America north of Mexico.  Hawaii, the Caribbean, Bermuda, and Greenland are not included.  The ABA list includes every naturally occurring species in the area and those introduced or escaped species which have become successfully established.  This list is in the high 900s last I checked, although many of these are species that have only occurred a handful of times and cannot be expected to occur in any given year.  The ABA checklist includes a code system which ranks each species by how common or easy to find it is:

Code 1 and 2:  Regular; code 2s being rarer or having restricted distributions

Code 3:  Regular; occurs annually but in very small numbers

Code 4: Casual; not recorded annually but 6+ records with at least 3 in the last 30 years

Code 5:  Accidental; 5 or less records or fewer than 3 in the last 30 years

Code 6:  Extinct or extirpated in the ABA area (Eskimo Curlew, Bachman’s Warbler, etc.)

So, running down the list, it looks like I have 19 code 1 birds left:

1. Mountain Quail
2. Willow Ptarmigan
3. Rock Ptarmigan
4. Cory’s Shearwater
5. Greater Shearwater
6. Wilson’s Storm-Petrel
7. Long-tailed Jaeger
8. Thick-billed Murre
9. Razorbill
10. Black Guillemot
11. Atlantic Puffin
12. Horned Puffin
13. Western Screech-Owl
14. Mexican Whip-poor-will
15. Vaux’s Swift
16. Black-chinned Hummingbird
17. Grace’s Warbler
18. Black-chinned Sparrow
19. Saltmarsh Sparrow

Of those, 7 are western/southwestern species, 3 are Alaskan, 8 are east coast pelagics, and Long-tailed Jaeger is Alaskan/pelagic off both coasts.

Black-chinned Hummingbird is a really bizarre, even embarrassing, miss. However, looking back, all the time I spent in the west was just barely out of range in the summer or too late in the fall to see it.  A well planned trip to the southwest in the summer should take care of it, along with Black-chinned Sparrow, Grace’s Warbler, Western Screech-Owl, Mexican Whip, and Vaux’s Swift.  I consider the swift to be one of my two nemesis birds, meaning a species which I have been in its range and habitat at the right time of year and spent a good amount of time unsuccessfully searching for (the other being the code 2 Le Conte’s Thrasher).

The east coast birds would take a couple trips.  One to get four alcids in the northeast and one to get the pelagics and Saltmarsh Sparrow in North Carolina.

Only one species on the list has been recorded in Iowa: Long-tailed Jaeger. This species is very rare but regular in fall on the western Great Plains, along the Rocky Mountain Front Range, and on the Great Lakes.  That leaves a gap around the Missouri and Mississippi River valleys where it is much rarer.  I assume I’ll eventually see this species at Saylorville Reservoir, but probably not before I see it off one of the coasts.

As for the other code categories, I’ve got a lot further to go:  2s = 86, 3s = 60, 4s = 89, and 5s = ~119.

During his stay the weather went from one extreme to the other.  We had a high of 73 degrees and a low of 16 degrees.  The standard 4:1 ratio sugar water used for hummer feeders has a freezing point in the high 20s, so on the colder nights we used a heat light mounted on my tripod to keep it liquid.  This worked fine, and fortunately the little guy moved on before we saw any really serious weather.  People tend to think that hummingbirds are fragile little things that drop dead the second the temperature drops below freezing, but that is definitely not the case.  Our guy didn’t show any obvious signs of being stressed by the weather even when getting tossed around by 15 mph gusts in sub-20 degree weather.

Interestingly, this seemed to be a banner fall for vagrant Anna’s Hummingbirds. Pennsylvania, Illinois, and Michigan had their first state records at about the same time as the Iowa bird, and Arkansas and Louisiana had birds as well. While there is a really obvious pattern of migratory western hummer species becoming more regular as migrants to the east of their “normal” range, and wintering along the Gulf Coast and in other relatively warm areas of the southeast, Anna’s, as a resident or short distance migrant species, doesn’t really fit in with that pattern.  I don’t know that there is any good explanation why so many turned up to the east this year.  ***update***  Continuing the amazing fall/winter for this species in the east, Newfoundland(!) has its first provincial record currently present, South Carolina had its first state record, and North Carolina had its second state record.  Hard to imagine a January hummingbird in Newfoundland, however the low temp so far for that hummer’s location has been 19 degrees, so warmer than several of the U.S. birds handled.

My Anna’s was one of three rare hummers in Iowa this fall.   The other two were Iowa’s 13th and 14th Rufous Hummingbirds, one of which I was able to view and wrote about in a previous post.   Although there are now fourteen Rufous records, I, and a number of other birders, think that species is an annual fall migrant through Iowa.   Presumably most rare hummers go unnoticed or are noticed by the feeder owner who doesn’t have a connection to the birding community.  Given the small number of serious birders compared to the number of people who own hummer feeders, it is telling that all three vagrants were at the homes of birders.  In order to try to help remedy this problem and to document more rare hummers in Iowa, a new website has been established to provide information and a place to send reports and ask questions.  If you are interested, you can visit the Iowa Hummingbird Project.

Lastly, here’s a parting shot of the Anna’s:

Yesterday was a decent day for migrant birds at local birding hot spot Saylorville Reservoir.  Good numbers of shorebirds were lingering late, the first sizable push of diving ducks arrived, and a couple moderately rare species, Western Grebe and Black Scoter, kept things interesting.  With a cold front pushing through last night, it looked like today might be even better.  Turns out that was not the case at the lake.  It was one of those fronts that clears out what was already present but doesn’t seem to bring much with it.  After a quick lap around the lake, I figured my birding was over for the day, and I headed home.  My parents came to visit us for the afternoon, and after they headed for home, I kicked back on the couch to watch some football.  At around 5:oo pm, I couldn’t have been more stunned when a hummingbird suddenly appeared at my feeder.  It had been over two weeks since my last young Ruby-throated Hummingbird had disappeared and I didn’t expect to see another hummingbird until spring.  Over the next forty minutes the bird came back three more times giving me time to photograph it.  Surprisingly, it was a male with some pinkish colored gorget feathers.  A check of my Sibley pretty much confirmed my initial though–Anna’s Hummingbird.  Anna’s has not previously recorded from Iowa.  It is a permanent resident from Vancouver Island south to Baja, and east through Arizona and New Mexico to the panhandle of Texas.  While generally not migratory, it does have a tendency to stray out of range, and was considered overdue for Iowa.  I emailed a couple of nationally recognized hummingbird experts who confirmed the ID and then posted it to the Iowa bird listserve.  Hopefully the bird will stick around long enough for people to get to see it.

I tell whoever will listen that they should leave their hummer feeders up until they freeze, as it is well known among birders that rare vagrant hummers often show up late, after all the migrant Ruby-throateds are long gone.  I didn’t ever expect that advice to pay off at my own feeder, but I guess everyone gets lucky now and then.  Here are a few shots of Iowa’s first state record (p.a.) Anna’s Hummingbird:

Anna's Hummingbird, Saylorville, Polk Co., IA, 31 Oct 2010

Anna's Hummingbird, Polk Co., IA, 31 Oct 2010

Anna's Hummingbird, Saylorville, Polk Co., IA, 31 Oct 2010

p.a. = pending acceptance by the Iowa Ornithologists’ Union Records Committee

First up are the three big Zonotrichia sparrows (aka “Zonies”):

Harris's Sparrow, Neal Smith NWR, IA, 25 Oct 2010.

White-throated Sparrow, Neal Smith NWR, IA, 25 Oct 2010.

White-crowned Sparrow, Neal Smith NWR, IA, 25 Oct 2010.

This guy is a “Red” Fox Sparrow. The Fox Sparrows from the Rockies west are significantly different from this bird and are considered by some to represent an additional 2-3 species (Sooty and Slate-colored, with Thick-billed sometimes split from Slate-colored).  None of these western taxa have been recorded from Iowa yet, and they are all still considered to be one species by the American Ornithologists Union.

Fox Sparrow, Neal Smith NWR, IA, 25 Oct 2010.

Next is a Lincoln’s Sparrow.  It is somewhat similar to the Song and Swamp sparrows which were present but didn’t sit still for photos.

Lincoln's Sparrow, Neal Smith NWR, IA, 25 Oct 2010.

Next up are the Spizellas, a genus that includes the very common Chipping Sparrow, the uncommon in Iowa Clay-colored Sparrow, and the Field and American Tree sparrows shown below:

Field Sparrow, Neal Smith NWR, IA, 25 Oct 2010.

American Tree Sparrow, Neal Smith NWR, IA, 25 Oct 2010.

And the last sparrow is the abundant winter resident Dark-eyed Junco:

Dark-eyed Junco, Neal Smith NWR, IA, 25 Oct 2010.

This is a Northern Harrier, a bird characteristic of grasslands, and a common sight at the refuge in migration.

Northern Harrier, Neal Smith NWR, IA, 25 Oct 2010.

Lastly is a Ring-necked Pheasant.  Iowa’s pheasant population has crashed over the last decade, especially in southern Iowa.  Neal Smith NWR is one place that they are still common due to the very large expanse of high quality breeding and wintering habitat.

Ring-necked Pheasant, Neal Smith NWR, IA, 25 Oct 2010.

Leonard’s Skippers are kind of interesting for several reasons.  One is that they are the latest resident skipper to appear, with a single brood flying from late August through September.  Another is that two very different looking subspecies occur in Iowa, which were formerly considered separate species (H. l. leonardus of the east and H. l. pawnee of the Great Plains).  The range maps in the popular field guides are confusing at best when it comes to where in the Midwest this species occurs and which subspecies occurs where.  The Kaufman guide shows Leonard’s throughout Iowa, Nebraska, and Missouri even though in Iowa it is essentially confined to the Loess Hills.  Butterflies Through Binoculars shows it confined to the Loess Hills but shows these to be exclusively H. l. pawnee.  In Missouri,  H. l. leonardus occurs on the Ozark Plateau but is apparently absent from areas adjacent to Iowa including the southern terminus of the Loess Hills.  In Nebraska, H. l. pawnee is found in the western 2/3 of the state but I haven’t found any suggestion that either subspecies is extant in eastern Nebraska.  So basically the Iowa Loess Hills skippers range the entire length of the hills, but are surrounded by unoccupied areas to the east, west, and south for hundreds of miles.

Most sources say that the blend zone between the two subspecies is found in southwestern Wisconsin and eastern Minnesota, which would seemingly mean that those in far western Iowa should be H. l. pawnee.  However a study of the Loess Hills populations found another blend zone there (Spomer, S. M., L. G. Higley, T. T. Orwig, G. L. Selby, and L. J. Young. 1993. Clinal variation in Hesperia leonardus (Hesperiidae) in the Loess Hills of the Missouri River valley. Journal of the Lepidopterists’ Society 47:291-302).  While the skippers in the northern hills are pure H. l. pawnee, those in the middle hills show a variable mix of characters from both subspecies.  Populations in the southern hills were identified as H. l. leonardus as compared to specimens of that subspecies from the Ozarks.  Interestingly, none of the specimens shown in the paper match the large, bold white spotting on the hind underwing of many photos of H. l. leonardus from further east.  The Iowa H. l. leonardus populations are apparently isolated from others of that subspecies by a large distance, yet are in direct contact with populations of H. l. pawnee.  That has to be an extremely unusual situation and I wonder what a DNA analysis of these Loess Hills H. l. leonardus would show.

I was able to find Leonard’s Skipper in Pottawattamie County and, along with Cory Gregory, in Mills and Harrison counties.  Most of the ones we saw were on ridge top prairies dominated by Little Bluestem and Sideoats Grama.  The skippers were usually feeding on Dotted Blazing Star (Liatris punctata) and occasionally on Rough Blazing Star (Liatris aspera), making finding them a matter of locating a patch of these flowers.  Of the ones we saw and photographed, all seemed to me to be intergrades except for maybe one.  The ones in Mills County are supposed to pure H. l. leonardus or very close, and those in Pottawattamie only slightly less so.  Apparently I either have a misconception of what H. l. leonardus looks like or the blend zone has shifted south a bit.  I never did get to the north of the blend zone to see pure H. l. pawnee but hope to do so next fall.  Below are photos arranged north to south showing some of the variation that can be found in these populations.   Here are some underwing shots showing the spot bands and overall coloration:

Harrison Co., IA, 12 September 2010

Harrison Co., IA, 12 September 2010

Pottawattamie Co., IA, 29 Aug 2010

Pottawattamie Co., IA, 29 Aug 2010

Pottawattamie Co., IA, 29 Aug 2010

Mills Co., IA, 4 September 2010

Mills Co., IA, 4 September 2010

Mills Co., IA, 4 September 2010

And some shots of the upperwing showing the extent of orange versus dark:

Harrison Co., IA, 12 September 2010

Mills Co., IA, 4 September 2010

Mills Co., IA, 4 September 2010

As always, more photos can be found at my Flickr page.

Rufous Hummingbird, Armstrong residence, Madison Co., IA, 21 Aug 2010.

So that’s one of the good shots from an aesthetic perspective.  But, to confirm the identification without the bird in hand requires photos of the throat and the fanned tail.  Fortunately, the bird would occasionally fan its tail when chasing off Ruby-throats, allowing me to get several useful shots including the following.

Rufous Hummingbird, Armstrong residence, Madison Co., IA, 21 Aug 2010.

Long story short, after consulting several references, I believe this is as expected, a Rufous Hummingbird, and not the very unlikely but not out of the question Allen’s Hummingbird.  We are still waiting to hear back from some real experts for confirmation, but regardless, it’s a good looking bird and we were glad to see it when we did–it headed south an hour after we saw it!

On Sunday I made a trip to the Marietta Sand Prairie which is about an hour northeast of Des Moines in Marshall County.  This prairie has a nice big sand blow that was good for Big Sand (Cicindela formosa) and Festive (Cicindela scutellaris lecontei) tiger beetles earlier in the year.  I was hoping to find a different species today, but it was more of the same.  What was impressive was the sheer number of C. formosa.  In the blow itself were hundreds.  Walking the surrounding trails flushed 5-10 per step.  I have never seen anything like it.

Big Sand Tiger Beetle, Marietta Sand Prairie, Marshall Co., IA, 22 Aug 2010.

Another common creature of the sand blow is this millipede(?).

unidentified millipede, Marietta Sand Prairie, Marshall Co., IA, 22 Aug 2010.

And what happens when a millipede wanders around a sand blow in front of a bunch of tiger beetles?

Big Sand Tiger Beetle, Marietta Sand Prairie, Marshall Co., IA, 22 Aug 2010.

Big Sand Tiger Beetle, Marietta Sand Prairie, Marshall Co., IA, 22 Aug 2010.

One less millipede.  Those are the highlights of the weekend.  I’m hoping to make a trip out west to the Loess Hills in the next few weeks to look for Leonard’s Skipper and to check on this fall’s Nevada Buckmoth flight.  Until then, hopefully there will be plenty here locally to keep things interesting.